What Is Gestational Diabetes?
当你在怀孕期间血糖过高时，就会发生妊娠糖尿病. It’s a type of diabetes that can develop even in otherwise healthy women.
Usually, your obstetrician or obstetrician/gynecologist (OB/GYN) 诊断妊娠糖尿病在你的晚期第二或早期第三个三个月. If you receive a diabetes diagnosis earlier in your pregnancy, you probably had diabetes before getting pregnant and didn’t know it.
How Common Is Gestational Diabetes?
Up to one in 10 pregnant women develop gestational diabetes. 妊娠期糖尿病在过去几年中变得越来越普遍. 专家认为，这可能与更多的女性在30多岁或更晚的时候怀孕有关. 这种增加也可能与高身体质量指数（BMI）的人怀孕更多有关。.
What Causes Gestational Diabetes?
妊娠期糖尿病的发展是因为你的身体停止产生足够的胰岛素. 胰腺分泌胰岛素，这是一种大发娱乐控制血糖水平的激素.
所有孕妇都会经历荷尔蒙的变化，这可能会使她们的身体更难有效地使用胰岛素. 如果你的胰腺不能产生更多的胰岛素来跟上这些变化，你就会患上妊娠糖尿病.
没有办法预测谁会患妊娠糖尿病，谁不会. Your health and family history make a difference, but even women with no risk factors can develop gestational diabetes.
Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes
虽然任何孕妇都可能患妊娠糖尿病，但某些因素可能会增加你的风险：
- Family history of type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes
- Health history of gestational diabetes in a prior pregnancy
- Obesity
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Prediabetes
Gestational Diabetes Symptoms
Symptoms of gestational diabetes are rare. 你通常只有在做筛查时才会发现自己有这种情况. 在怀孕24-28周之间筛查妊娠糖尿病是标准的.
如果你有妊娠糖尿病的危险因素，你的妇产科医生可能会在怀孕早期检查你是否患有妊娠糖尿病. 这些可能包括体重明显增加或婴儿的尺寸大于其胎龄.
通常，你的妇产科医生会监测和治疗你的妊娠糖尿病. They will refer you to a diabetes specialist (endocrinologist) for more complex cases. 这些复杂的病例包括在怀孕早期诊断出糖尿病或在怀孕前患有糖尿病.
What Happens If Gestational Diabetes Is Not Controlled?
如果不进行治疗，妊娠糖尿病可能会给你或你的宝宝带来并发症. 你可能会提前分娩，你的宝宝可能太大了，不适合阴道分娩.
这种情况也会增加出现并发症的机会：
- Depression
- Preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy)
- Type 2 diabetes
How Does Gestational Diabetes Affect Your Baby at Birth?
妊娠期糖尿病会增加宝宝出生时出现某些并发症的风险：
- Delivery via Caesarean section
- Large size for their gestational age
- Breathing problems
- Jaundice
- Low blood sugar immediately after birth
Does Gestational Diabetes Affect the Baby Later in Life?
患有妊娠期糖尿病的母亲所生的婴儿更有可能超重或在以后的生活中患上2型糖尿病. 你可以通过给孩子喂营养餐和鼓励他们多运动来大发娱乐他们降低这些风险.
Gestational Diabetes Test
Your OB/GYN uses blood tests to diagnose gestational diabetes.
- Glucose screening test: 你会喝一些含糖的液体，一小时后大发娱乐会抽血. 如果你的血糖高于预期，你需要做葡萄糖耐量测试.
- Glucose tolerance test: You will drink a sugary liquid, and we will draw your blood at the one-hour, two-hour, and three-hour marks. You’ll fast overnight before a glucose tolerance test.
Gestational Diabetes Treatment
大多数患有妊娠期糖尿病的妇女可以通过饮食、运动和治疗来避免并发症 weight management. You may take medications if lifestyle changes alone aren’t effective.
你需要每天检查几次血糖，以确保血糖保持在安全范围内. 你的护理团队会告诉你如何在家里用血糖仪检查血糖. You’ll prick your finger when you wake up and before and after meals. 然后你将记录结果并与你的医疗保健大发娱乐提供者分享.
如果你控制血糖有困难，可以使用连续血糖监测仪（CGM）. A CGM is a device that monitors your blood sugar throughout the day. You don’t prick your finger for blood sugar testing with the CGM. 你将用一根小导管把它连接到你的身体上，然后把这个装置——一个小贴片——戴在你的手臂或腹部.
妊娠期糖尿病通常会在你接近妊娠末期时恶化. 你的护理团队会调整你的治疗计划，让你尽可能保持健康.
Gestational Diabetes Medication
你的妇产科医生可能会给你开一种叫做二甲双胍的药，它可以大发娱乐你控制血糖. You may need to give yourself insulin shots in some cases.
Gestational Diabetes Diet
You’ll meet with a diabetes educator who educates you about how certain foods affect your blood sugar. 他们会告诉你如何通过饮食来控制妊娠糖尿病：
- Eat three moderate-sized meals daily.
- Include lots of fruits and vegetables in your diet.
- Limit sugary and processed foods.
- 记录你的卡路里，确保大部分来自健康的脂肪、蛋白质和全谷物.
当你第一次与糖尿病专家预约时，你会期待什么
你的内分泌医生会从询问你的饮食习惯和锻炼习惯开始. 他们还会和你谈谈检查你的血糖和给自己注射胰岛素. 你的内分泌专家可能会建议你用CGM代替手指刺来检查你的血糖. 他们将花时间解释CGM如何工作，如何连接它，以及如何使用它.
How to Prevent Gestational Diabetes
There’s no way to guarantee that you won’t get gestational diabetes. But you can lower your risk by following a few healthy behaviors:
- Eat a nutrient-dense diet.
- Exercise regularly.
- Maintain a healthy body weight.
Does Gestational Diabetes Go Away?
Gestational diabetes typically goes away after you give birth. 产后2-3个月你会做葡萄糖耐量测试来检查你的血糖水平.
一些女性可能仍然有高血糖水平，并被诊断为糖尿病前期或2型糖尿病. In these cases, you will manage your blood sugar long-term with diet, exercise, and possibly medication.
Request a Referral
你需要转介去看妊娠糖尿病的内分泌专家. 请致电801-213-2995预约您的产科医生了解更多关于 referrals to endocrinology.
